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§ 172.510 Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors.
Natural flavoring substances and natural adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions.
（a） They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended physical or technical effect and in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice.
（b） In the appropriate forms （plant parts, fluid and solid extracts, concentrates, absolutes, oils, gums, balsams, resins, oleoresins, waxes, and distillates） they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, previously sanctioned for such use, or regulated in any section of this part.
| Common name | Scientific name | Limitations |
| Aloe | Aloe perryi Baker, A. barbadensis Mill., A. ferox Mill., and hybrids of this sp. with A. africana Mill. and A. spicata Baker | |
| Althea root and flowers | Althea officinalis L | |
| Amyris (West Indian sandalwood) | Amyris balsamifera L | |
| Angola weed | Roccella fuciformis Ach | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Arnica flowers | Arnica montana L., A. fulgens Pursh, A. sororia Greene, or A. cordifolia Hooker | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Artemisia (wormwood) | Artemisia spp | Finished food thujone free1 |
| Artichoke leaves | Cynara scolymus L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Benzoin resin | Styrax benzoin Dryander, S. paralleloneurus Perkins, S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich, or other spp. of the Section Anthostyrax of the genus Styrax | |
| Blackberry bark | Rubus, Section Eubatus | |
| Boldus (boldo) leaves | Peumus boldus Mol | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Boronia flowers | Boronia megastigma Nees | |
| Bryonia root | Bryonia alba L., or B. diocia Jacq | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Buchu leaves | Barosma betulina Bartl. et Wendl., B. crenulata (L.) Hook. or B. serratifolia Willd | |
| Buckbean leaves | Menyanthes trifoliata L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Cajeput | Melaleuca leucadendron L. and other Melaleuca spp | |
| Calumba root | Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Camphor tree | Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Eberm | Safrole free |
| Cascara sagrada | Rhamnus purshiana DC | |
| Cassie flowers | Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd | |
| Castor oil | Ricinus communis L | |
| Catechu, black | Acacia catechu Willd | |
| Cedar, white (aborvitae), leaves and twigs | Thuja occidentalis L | Finished food thujone free1 |
| Centuary | Centaurium umbellatum Gilib | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Cherry pits | Prunus avium L. or P. cerasus L | Not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid |
| Cherry-laurel leaves | Prunus laurocerasus L | Not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid |
| Chestnut leaves | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh | |
| Chirata | Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Cinchona, red, bark | Cinchona succirubra Pav. or its hybrids | In beverages only; not more than 83 p.p.m. total cinchona alkaloids in finished beverage |
| Cinchona, yellow, bark | Cinchona ledgeriana Moens, C. calisaya Wedd., or hybrids of these with other spp. of Cinchona. | In beverages only; not more than 83 p.p.m. total cinchona alkaloids in finished beverage |
| Copaiba | South American spp. of Copaifera L | |
| Cork, oak | Quercus suber L., or Q. occidentalis F. Gay | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Costmary | Chrysanthemum balsamita L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Costus root | Saussurea lappa Clarke | |
| Cubeb | Piper cubeba L. f | |
| Currant, black, buds and leaves | Ribes nigrum L | |
| Damiana leaves | Turnera diffusa Willd | |
| Davana | Artemisia pallens Wall | |
| Dill, Indian | Anethum sowa Roxb. ( Peucedanum graveolens Benth et Hook., Anethum graveolens L.) | |
| Dittany (fraxinella) roots | Dictamnus albus L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Dittany of Crete | Origanum dictamnus L | |
| Dragon's blood (dracorubin) | Daemonorops spp | |
| Elder tree leaves | Sambucus nigra L | In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor |
| Elecampane rhizome and roots | Inula helenium L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Elemi | Canarium commune L. or C. luzonicum Miq | |
| Erigeron | Erigeron canadensis L | |
| Eucalyptus globulus leaves | Eucalyptus globulus Labill | |
| Fir (“pine”) needles and twigs | Abies sibirica Ledeb., A. alba Mill., A. sachalinesis Masters or A. mayriana Miyabe et Kudo | |
| Fir, balsam, needles and twigs | Abies balsamea (L.) Mill | |
| Galanga, greater | Alpinia galanga Willd | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Elemi | Canarium commune L. or C. luzonicum Miq | |
| Erigeron | Erigeron canadensis L | |
| Eucalyptus globulus leaves | Eucalyptus globulus Labill | |
| Fir (“pine”) needles and twigs | Abies sibirica Ledeb., A. alba Mill., A. sachalinesis Masters or A. mayriana Miyabe et Kudo | |
| Fir, balsam, needles and twigs | Abies balsamea (L.) Mill | |
| Galanga, greater | Alpinia galanga Willd | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Galbanum | Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. et Buhse and other Ferula spp | |
| Gambir (catechu, pale) | Uncaria gambir Roxb | |
| Genet flowers | Spartium junceum L | |
| Gentian rhizome and roots | Gentiana lutea L | |
| Gentian, stemless | Gentiana acaulis L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Germander, chamaedrys | Teucrium chamaedrys L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Germander, golden | Teucrium polium L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Guaiac | Guaiacum officinale L., G. santum L., Bulnesia sarmienti Lor | |
| Guarana | Paullinia cupana HBK | |
| Haw, black, bark | Viburnum prunifolium L | |
| Hemlock needles and twigs | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. or T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg | |
| Hyacinth flowers | Hyacinthus orientalis L | |
| Iceland moss | Cetraria islandica Ach | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Imperatoria | Peucedanum ostruthium (L.). Koch ( Imperatoria ostruthium L.) | |
| lva | Achillea moschata Jacq | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Labdanum | Cistus spp | |
| Lemon-verbena | Lippia citriodora HBK | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Linaloe wood | Bursera delpechiana Poiss. and other Bursera spp | |
| Linden leaves | Tillia spp | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Lovage | Levisticum officinale Koch | |
| Lungmoss (lungwort) | Sticta pulmonacea Ach | |
| Maidenhair fern | Adiantum capillus-veneris L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Maple, mountain | Acer spicatum Lam | |
| Mimosa (black wattle) flowers | Acacia decurrens Willd. var. dealbata | |
| Mullein flowers | Verbascum phlomoides L. or V. thapsiforme Schrad | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Myrrh | Commiphora molmol Engl., C. abyssinica (Berg) Engl., or other Commiphora spp | |
| Myrtle leaves | Myrtus communis L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Oak, English, wood | Quercus robur L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Oak, white, chips | Quercus alba L | |
| Oak moss | Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., E. furfuracea (L.) Mann, and other lichens | Finished food thujone free1 |
| Olibanum | Boswellia carteri Birdw. and other Boswellia spp | |
| Opopanax (bisabolmyrrh) | Opopanax chironium Koch (true opopanax) of Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. Llabrescens | |
| Orris root | Iris germanica L. (including its variety florentina Dykes) and I. pallida Lam | |
| Pansy | Viola tricolor L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Passion flower | Passiflora incarnata L | |
| Patchouly | Pogostemon cablin Benth. and P. heyneanus Benth | |
| Peach leaves | Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor |
| Pennyroyal, American | Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers | |
| Pennyroyal, European | Mentha pulegium L | |
| Pine, dwarf, needles and twigs | Pinus mugo Turra var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari | |
| Pine, Scotch, needles and twigs | Pinus sylvestris L | |
| Pine, white, bark | Pinus strobus L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Pine, white oil | Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp | |
| Poplar buds | Populus balsamifera L. ( P. tacamahacca Mill.), P. candicans Ait., or P. nigra L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Quassia | Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch, or Quassia amara L | |
| Quebracho bark | Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schlecht, or ( Quebrachia lorentzii (Griseb)) | Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl. |
| Quillaia (soapbark) | Quillaja saponaria Mol | |
| Red saunders (red | Pterocarpus san alinus L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Rhatany root | Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pav. or K. argentea Mart | |
| Rhubarb, garden root | Rheum rhaponticum L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Rhubarb root | Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L., or other spp. (excepting R. rhaponticum L.) or hybrids of Rheum grown in China | |
| Roselle | Hibiscus sabdariffa L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Rosin (colophony) | Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp | In alcoholic beverages only |
| St. Johnswort leaves, flowers, and caulis | Hypericum perforatum L | Hypericin-free alcohol distillate form only; in alcoholic beverages only |
| Sandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian) | Santalum album L | |
| Sandarac | Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.), Mast | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Sarsaparilla | Smilax aristolochiaefolia Mill., (Mexican sarsaparilla), S. regelii Killip et Morton (Honduras sarsaparilla), S. febrifuga Kunth (Ecuadorean sarsaparilla), or undetermined Smilax spp. (Ecuadorean or Central American sarsaparilla) | |
| Sassafras leaves | Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees | Safrole free |
| Senna, Alexandria | Cassia acutifolia Delile | |
| Serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) | Aristolochia serpentaria L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Simaruba bark | Simaruba amara Aubl | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Snakeroot, Canadian (wild ginger) | Asarum canadense L | |
| Spruce needles and twigs | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or P. mariana (Mill.) BSP | |
| Storax (styrax) | Liquidambar orientalis Mill. or L. styraciflua L | |
| Tagetes (marigold) | Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L., or T. minuta L. ( T. glandulifera Schrank) | As oil only |
| Tansy | Tanacetum vulgare L | In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free1 |
| Thistle, blessed (holy thistle) | Onicus benedictus L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Thymus capitatus (Spanish “origanum”) | Thymus capitatus Hoffmg. et Link | |
| Tolu | Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms | |
| Turpentine | Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively | |
| Valerian rhizome and roots | Valeriana officinalis L | |
| Veronica | Veronica officinalis L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Vervain, European | Verbena officinalis L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Vetiver | Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Violet, Swiss | Viola calcarata L | |
| Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts | Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L | |
| Woodruff, sweet | Asperula odorata L | In alcoholic beverages only |
| Yarrow | Achillea millefolium L | In beverages only; finished beverage thujone free1 |
| Yerba santa | Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr | |
| Yucca, Joshua-tree | Yucca brevifolia Engelm | |
| Yucca, Mohave | Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies ( Y. mohavensis Sarg.) |
1As determined by using the method （or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof） in section 9.129 of the “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,” 13th Ed. （1980）, which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration （NARA）. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
[42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989; 69 FR 24511, May 4, 2004; 72 FR 10357, Mar. 8, 2007]
更多关于美国 FDA 已批准的直接用于人类食品的添加剂种类法规，请点击美国FDA 21 CFR 第172部分已批准的直接用于人类食品的添加剂种类汇总
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